The X.500 system has only been implemented by sovereign nations for state identity information sharing treaty fulfillment purposes, and the IETF's Public-Key Infrastructure (X.509) (PKIX) working group has adapted the standard to the more flexible organization of the Internet.
It can be used in a peer-to-peer, OpenPGP-like web of trust, but was rarely used that way as of 2004. Version 3 of X.509 includes the flexibility to support other topologies like bridges and meshes. This contrasts with web of trust models, like PGP, where anyone (not just special CAs) may sign and thus attest to the validity of others' key certificates. It assumes a strict hierarchical system of certificate authorities (CAs) for issuing the certificates. The first tasks of it was providing users with secure access to information resources and avoiding a cryptographic man-in-the-middle attack. X.509 was initially issued on July 3, 1988, and was begun in association with the X.500 standard. 8 Major protocols and standards using X.509 certificates.5.4.1 Mitigations for cryptographic weaknesses.
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They are also used in offline applications, like electronic signatures.Īn X.509 certificate binds an identity to a public key using a digital signature. X.509 certificates are used in many Internet protocols, including TLS/SSL, which is the basis for HTTPS, the secure protocol for browsing the web. In cryptography, X.509 is an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standard defining the format of public key certificates. Standard defining the format of public key certificates X.509 Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - The Directory: Public-key and attribute certificate frameworksġ.0 at November 25, 1988 33 years ago ( )